1)Define Static Binding and Dynamic Binding in programming languages.

2)When does functional side effects (side effect of a function) occur? Give an example.

3)How can you create a dangling pointer?

4)What is Orthogonality in programming languages? How does it influence a programing language?

5)Consider the following C program:

int fun (int *i){

*I +=4;

return 5;

}

void main (){

int x=4;

x=3*x+ fun(&x);

}

What is the value of x after the assignment statement in main? Assuming:

A) Operands are evaluated left to right.

B) Operands are evaluated right to left.

6)What do the operator associativity rules for expression evaluation define?

7)Can static variables be used in recursive functions? If not, describe why.

Use a simple recursive function as an example to explain your answer.

8)What is an Access function? When is this function computed?

9)Name four criteria for evaluating programming languages and briefly explain each one.

10)What are the impacts of

control structure having multiple entries and

control structure having multiple exits

on programs readability?