1.Discuss the differences between sales and market orientations using the following five characteristics as guidelines: (1) the organizations focus, (2) business the organization is in, (3) people to whom the product is directed, (4) the organizations primary goal, and (5) tools used to achieve that goal.

2.Harvards Michael Porter has proposed the value chain as a tool for identifying ways to create more customer value. Nine strategically relevant activitiesfive primary and four support activities create value and cost in a specific business. The primary activities are (1) inbound logistics, or bringing materials into the business; (2) operations, or converting materials into final products; (3) outbound logistics, or shipping out final products; (4) marketing, which includes sales; and (5) service. Specialized departments handle the support activities(1) procurement, (2) technology development, (3) human resource management, and (4) firm infrastructure. Explain it with example.

3.Perhaps the broadest control device available to marketing management is the marketing audit. Describe this tool and its characteristics.