$2$

$2$ points

Habermas defined the public sphere as a realm separate from the state where citizens come together to debate issues of public concern. Which of the following represents a way in which a media form has democratized the public sphere:

Email has prioritized a transmission view of communication where reach is more important than meaning of the message.

Narrowcasting and audience segmentation has created gated communities and global villages where people with shared interests and concerns can come together.

Access to news media through the internet and social media have increased access to information and venues for public participation

Smartphone ownership has created hierarchies among users who can afford unlimited data plans and thus unlimited access to information