$**2\mathrm{.}3.$ Draw a block diagram showing the integration of machine vision in a robotic application. Your diagram should include the following components:$**$

$-**$Camera$**$ Captures images from the environment.

$-**$Image Preprocessing$**$ Includes steps like noise reduction, contrast adjustment, and resizing.

$-**$Feature Extraction$**$ Identifies key features or objects in the images.

$-**$Machine Vision Algorithm$**$ Processes the extracted features to recognize objects, detect patterns, or make decisions.

$-**$Decision$-$Making Unit$**$ Uses the output of the machine vision algorithm to make decisions or generate commands for the robot.

$-**$Actuators$**$ Executes commands based on decisions, such as moving the robot arm or adjusting the robot's position.

$-**$Feedback Loop$**$ Monitors the outcome and sends feedback to the machine vision system to improve accuracy or adjust operations.

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To visualize the integration of these components, you can create a block diagram that connects each of these elements in sequence, showing the flow of information and actions:

$1.**$Camera$**$: This block represents the initial step where images from the environment are captured.

$2.**$Image Preprocessing$**$: The output from the camera is processed here to enhance the image quality by reducing noise, adjusting contrast, and resizing if necessary.

$3.**$Feature Extraction$**$: The preprocessed image is then analyzed to extract key features or objects of interest.

$4.**$Machine Vision Algorithm$**$: This block processes the extracted features and uses them to recognize patterns or objects, which is crucial for making decisions.

$5.**$Decision$-$Making Unit$**$: Based on the recognized patterns or objects, this unit makes decisions and generates commands for the robot.

$6.**$Actuators$**$: These execute the commands, leading to physical actions, such as moving the robot arm or adjusting the robot's position.

$7.**$Feedback Loop$**$: The results of the actions taken by the actuators are monitored and fed back into the system to adjust operations as needed, ensuring accuracy and stability.

This block diagram would flow sequentially from the camera to the feedback loop, highlighting the interconnections between each component. If you need help sketching or creating this diagram digitally, I can guide you through the process or describe how to lay it out.