$25$ points$)$ DATA LINK LAYER OF ETHERNET

$($a$)(5$ points$)$ What are the main fields in an Ethernet frame $($describe the frame structure

pointing out the header and the trailer fields$)?$

$($b$)(5$ points$)$ MAC addresses are used for addressing in the data link layer. Describe how

the MAC address is structured $($how is it unique for each device?$).$

$($c$)(5$ points$)$ Explain the Exponential Backoff algorithm used in Ethernet. Why is it needed?

$($d$)(5$ points$)$ Using Exponential Backoff algorithm, what is the average number of backoff

slots that a device will wait before attempting to re$-$transmit after detecting $3$ collisions?

$[$You can use any software for calculation$]$

$($e$)(5$ points$)$ Repeat $($d$)$ by computing the average number of back$-$off slots after $9$ colli$-$

sions?