$2.$ Problem $2$

A blend of $\backslash (45\backslash \%\backslash )$ fine aggregate and $\backslash (55\backslash \%\backslash )$ coarse aggregate has a bulk density of $\backslash (1740\backslash$mathrm$\{$~kg$\}/\backslash$mathrm$\{$m$\}^\{3\}\backslash ).$ If the specific gravity of the fine aggregate is $2\mathrm{.}45$ and that of the coarse aggregate is $2\mathrm{.}60.$

a$)$ Compute the volume percent of void space in the aggregate blend.

b$)$ Explain briefly how the gradation of the aggregate blend $($well graded vs$.$ uniformly graded$)$ is likely to affect the value of bulk density and percent void space in the aggregate blend.

c$)$ Explain briefly how the overall shape of the aggregate $($elongated vs$.$ spherical$)$ is likely to affect the water demand of the concrete they are used to make?

d$)$ What is the origin of the name "Portland" cement? What temperatures are needed in the rotary kiln to make Portland cement?