2. Rome started out as a _____________, which means "rule by one man." However, it changed into a representative democracy called the_______________ in 509 BCE after the rape and suicide of ________________. After this tragic death, her family overthrew the king and swore that "Never Again" would they allow one man to rule over them.

3. ______________ is the city in Arabia which was home to a famous polytheistic shrine called the ______________. This shrine was controlled by the ______________ tribe who made a lot of money from all the pilgrims who came to worship here. That's why they rejected the monotheism of the Prophet Muhammad.

4. ______________ led one of the most successful slave revolts in human history against Rome. One reason why he had so much success is that he was trained as a _______________, which were slaves who fought to the death in the arena for people's entertainment.

5. Rome was conquered in 476 C.E. by ________________ (non-Roman tribes). Afterwards, the Frankish King _______________ made a monumental decision to convert to Christianity, paving the way for a Christian Europe to emerge.

6. The _____________________ ("rebirth") was a European artistic movement dedicated to embracing non-Christian culture. A perfect example of this in action is a painting called __________________.

7. In 1063, the pope called the __________________ to retake Spain from the Muslims and bring it back into the fold of Christianity. In 1095, the pope called the ________________, with the goal of retaking Jerusalem from the Muslims. Both events led to horrifying bloodshed and holy war.

8. ______________ was one of the craziest Roman emperors, if not one of the craziest individuals who has ever ruled a country. He had sex with his sister, killed for fun, made his horse a consul, fought a war against the ocean, and turned the Senator's wives into prostitutes. It's no wonder that he was eventually assassinated by the __________________ who were supposed to protect the emperor, but were often in the best position to get rid of him too.

9. After the _________________ in the 1500s, which was focused on understanding nature and the universe, the world began to move from being dominated by religion to a becoming a_______________ world. One of the biggest discoveries that propelled this movement was that the earth is not the center of the universe, and our planet revolves around the sun. This is known as the __________________("sun-centered") Theory. Individuals like ______________ and _________________ who expressed this idea were in danger of being imprisoned or killed by the Catholic Church.

10. During the reign of the Roman emperor_______________ there was a terrible event known as the __________________ in 64 CE. The emperor was blamed for this tragedy and decided to find a scapegoat to deflect attention away from himself. The unfortunate

group he decided to blame were the Christians, who were publicly persecuted and killed. 11. Both Jesus and _______________ share a similar story of being tempted by a demon or devil three times before achieving spiritual purity.

12. A ____________________is a Bible written in your own language, whether English, Spanish, French, or German, instead of the traditional Latin.

13. Jesus is not the founder of Christianity. That honor goes to ________________ who helped to provide a strong organizational structure to the early church through the role of the _______________ and _______________, with the first being the leader of the Christian faith and the second being the leaders of individual churches.

14. One of the most important moments in Christianity is known as ________________, which is the moment when an angel named ________________ told Mary she would give birth to God's son. Interestingly, hundreds of years later it was this same angel who was said to have delivered the revelations of God to the ___________________, the founder of Islam.

15. The ____________________ was the result of an attack on the Catholic Church by a German monk named _________________ who wrote a famous document called the ___________________ (1517) which argued that the Catholic Church had lost all spiritual authority, and all believers needed to follow Christ was their Bible and their faith. His motto for this new kind of Christianity became "Through Faith Alone"

16. After defeating Mark Antony and his lover, the Egyptian Queen __________________, Octavian became the new ruler of Rome. The Senate renamed him ___________________, which means "divinely favored," and one way that he chose to avoid the fate of Julius Caesar was to not call himself dictator or king, but ___________________, which means "first man among equals."

17. The origin of _______________, or the hatred and discrimination of Jews, can be traced back to the role of Jewish priests in executing Jesus. The Roman governor Pontius Pilate gave them a choice to free one man, either _____________ or Jesus. When Jesus wasn't chosen, he was sentenced to die by the method of _______________.

18. A _______________ is someone who dies for their faith, like the early Christians who faced near constant persecution from the Romans.

19. __________________ are the mythological founders of Rome who share a similar "baby in the basket" story with other figures like Moses and Sargon of Akkad. Except, in this version the babies are found by a wolf instead of a princess.

20. __________________ are objects that touched Jesus Christ, such as the crown of thorns or the "spear of Longinus," or objects associated with Christian saints, such as body parts, blood, or pieces of clothing.

21. _______________ was a symbol of authority in ancient Rome. It is literally a bundle of sticks tied together with an axe, but it symbolized power and strength. Later it was adopted by the dictator Mussolini as the symbol of his political movement.

22. _______________ means the official, true doctrine of the Christian Church. _______________ means false doctrine, and if you are caught practicing this then you face the danger of ___________________, or being kicked out of the Church. The first "true doctrine" of the Church is known as the __________________, or the idea that God is three things in one: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.

23. The Catholic Church set up a special court called the _______________ with the goal of tracking down heretics, torturing them, and often burning them alive. One of these unfortunate souls was _____________, a 16-year old girl who made the mistake of saying that God spoke to her. For this "crime" she was burned at the stake.

24. Rome has always had a violent history. In 44 BCE, _______________ was assassinated by Senators after proclaiming himself "Dictator For Life." Apparently he never read the memo about the whole "Never Again" thing.

25. The night before the ________________ in 312 C.E., the Roman general ________________ said that he saw a vision of the Christian cross in the sky. He believed that this was the Christian God giving him a sign, so he told his soldiers to paint the cross on their shields before going into battle. When he won the battle and became the next Roman emperor he took the revolutionary step to legalize Christianity through a document known as the ______________.