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2. Your research team is studying the association between any alcohol consumption and early-onset breast cancer among women in their 20's. They are concerned that smoking may be a confounder of this relationship. The results of their cross-sectional study are reported below. Overall Sample Alcohol No alcohol Breast cancer 30 70 100 No breast cancer 18 82 100 48 152 200 Smokers Non-smokers Alcohol No alcohol Alcohol No alcohol Breast cancer 45 50 Breast cancer 25 25 50 No breast cancer 72 80 No breast cancer 10 10 20 13 117 130 35 35 70 a. What is the odds ratio for alcohol use and breast cancer among all participants (round to 2 decimal places)? Interpret this result. (2 points) b. What is the odds ratio for alcohol use and breast cancer among participants who smoke (round to 2 decimal places)? Interpret this result. (2 points) c. What is the odds ratio for alcohol use and breast cancer among participants who do not smoke (round to 2 decimal places)? Interpret this result. (2 points) d. Is smoking a confounder of the association between alcohol use and breast cancer? Why or why not? (1 point)