21)Rational decision-making approach ideally implies ______ decisions.

Programmed

Non-programmed

Rational

Non-rational

22)Assume that you are responsible to make a decision which should involve several variables that need to be measured accurately with high precision on time. Which type of organizational decision-making model you need to follow?

Management science approach

Carnegie Model

Incremental Decision Model

Garbage Can Model

23)An army officer gives his directions on a certain task, his cadets are compelled to follow his instructions. This is an example of ___. "

Expert

Referent

Reward

Legitimate

24)____ is the person who serves as one of the key persons in managing change initiatives.

Change agent

CEO

CFO

CIO

25)Which one of the following statements would be considered false in regards to the concept of non-core technologies?

Non-core processes are conducted by HR departments.

Non-core technology is a department work process.

Accounting departments belong in the non-core technology group of an organization.

Research and development does not belong in the non-core group of work processes because this department is where ideas are transformed into new products

26)According to John P. Kotter CM model, ____ is the first error due to which 70 to 80 percent change transformation efforts fail."

Not creating enough sense of urgency

Not creating a guiding coalition

Creating enough sense of urgency

Creating a guiding coalition

27)What do we mean by organizational slack?

The difference between the available and the required organizational resources which could enable it to adjust itself in dealing with environmental upheavals.

The difference between the organizational interests and the managerial interests.

The difference between managerial expectations and an employee's performance outcomes

The difference between positive and negative variance in terms of productivity.

28)In OT, the dominant coalition is generally referred to_____"

a group of people who are involved in grapevine.

a group of people who spread negative word of mouth.

"a group of people who has the ""power to influence the outcomes of decisions"""

a group of people who resist organizational change initiatives

29)Carmen owns and operates her business in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. She is very much aware of the behavior of other organizations located in her area and attempts to conduct her business in a similar fashion. Her customers and some other stakeholders suggested she should close her operations on Sundays. Carmen is willing to comply to keep them content and appreciative of her business. Carmen is most likely experiencing influence from her ________."

institutional environment

organizational ecosystem

collaborative network

supply chain

30)""People don't resist change. They resist being changed! This is the famous quote of _____"

Peter Senge

Kurt Lewin

John P. Kotter

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi