What is a “dynamic” system, a special case of any general system? A typical input variable is identified for each of the following examples of dynamic systems. Give at least one output variable for each system

a. Human body: neuroelectric pulses
b. Company: information
c. Power plant: fuel rate
d. Automobile: steering wheel movement
e. Robot: voltage to joint motor
f. Highway bridge: vehicle force

Give four categories of uses of dynamic modeling.
List advantages and disadvantages of experimental modeling over analytical modeling.
2.4 What are the basic lumped elements of
i. a mechanical system
ii. an electrical system?
Indicate whether a distributed-parameter method is needed or a lumped-parameter model is adequate in the study of following dynamic systems:
a. vehicle suspension system (motion)
b. elevated vehicle guideway (transverse motion)
c. oscillator circuit (electrical signals)
d. environment (weather) system (temperature)
e. aircraft (motion and stresses)
f. large transmission cable (capacitance and inductance).
NOTE: Variables/parameters of interest are given in parentheses.
2.5 Write down the order of each of the systems shown in Figure P2.5.
2.6
a. Give logical steps of the analytical modeling process for a general physical system.
b. Once a dynamic model is derived, what other information would be needed for analyzing its time response (or for computer simulation)?
c. A system is divided into two subsystems, and models are developed for these subsystems. What other information would be needed to obtain a model for the overall system?

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