$3\mathrm{.}1$ A device server is characterized by a minimal operating architecture that requires no percentage

network operating system license, and client access that is independent of any operating system or

proprietary protocol. Outline three types of device servers and how they facilitate remote monitoring of

industrial systems.

$.$

$(10)$

$3\mathrm{.}2.$How does the ring topology function in computer networking, and what advantages does it offer in

terms of data transmission and network management compared to other topologies.

$(10)$

$3\mathrm{.}3$ Compare the principles, advantages, and disadvantages of Asynchronous Transfer Mode $($ATM$)$ and Token

Ring networks in a concise format.

$(10)$