$3\mathrm{.}1$ Describe the main production methods for the following biofuels:

$($i$)$ Bioethanol

$($ii$)$ Biodiesel

$3\mathrm{.}2$ "A major criticism against biofuels $($bioethanol and biodiesel$)$ is that it could divert

agricultural production away from food crops as energy crop programs compete with

food crops and lead to shortage and price increase especially in developing countries".

Suggest methods to overcome this criticism without compromising the production of

these important biofuels.

$3\mathrm{.}3$ Briefly discuss why biofuel is regarded as more environmentally benign than fossil

fuels.