3 1point In practice, how often are operational definitions fully operationalized? always, because otherwise it is a conceptual definition just in published research about half the time never, because not all physical factors can be accounted for What is the difference between a directional hypothesis and a nondirectional hypothesis? directional hypotheses predict a difference will be found, nondirectional ones do not directional hypotheses predict the type of difference to be found, nondirectional do not directional hypotheses apply to experiments where directions are given directional hypotheses are those borne out by the data, nondirectional are those disproven When do researchers use a null hypothesis? in statistical analysis of multiple variables in statistical analysis of a single variable when the original hypothesis is disproven when one variable has no data