3. a) Operant conditioning involves the environmental control of behavior, as opposed to self-control. true or false? b) Both positive and negative reinforcement encourage specific target behaviors. true or false? c) Managing Antecedents calls for removing barriers to performance such as confusing rules or conflicting orders d) According to Rath and Clifton, the recommended ratio of positive to negative reinforcement should not exceed 13 to 1. true or false? e) Since intermittent reinforcement rewards only random instances of a behavior, it is ineffective.true or false . true or false?