3. Consider the process state transition. Assume each process may be in one of the following states: New: The process is being created. Running: Instruction are being executed. Waiting: The process is waiting for some event to occur (such as an I/O completion or reception of a signal). Ready: The process is waiting to be assigned to a processor. Terminated: The process has finished executed. O The long-term scheduler (or called job scheduler) selects processes from New state to Ready state. The short-term scheduler (or called CPU scheduler) selects from among the processes that are ready to execute, and locates the CPU to one of them. Give four cases that the short-term scheduler might be invoked. (10%)