Question $3.$ In this question, events are given during the execution of a grading program. You are supposed to understand the process state transition and fill out those blanks and choose the right options. Hint: state transition occurs when some particular events happen. Please use one of ready, running, blocked states as the possible state for the process. When you need to determine the running mode, please use either user or kernel. $[$Please check and understand these concepts through reading either from the slides or textbook$][40$ points: two for each cell in the answer table$]$

int exam$\_$grade $($int m$1,$ int m$2,$ int m$3)$

$\{$

int exam$\_$sum;

exam$\_$sum $=0\mathrm{.}3*$m$1+0\mathrm{.}5*$m$2+0\mathrm{.}2*$m$3$;

return exam$\_$sum;

$\}$

$--$ Event: user runs the program, the process is in $\_\_\_\_\_$ state $($Q$1).$

main $()$

$\{$

$--$ Event: when scheduler chooses this program to run, the process is in $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_$state $($Q$2)$ and in $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_$ mode $($Q$3)$

for $($i$=1$; i$<=24$; i$++)$

$\{$ scanf $("\%$d $\%$d $\%$d$",$ &t$1,$ &t$2,$ &t$3)$;

$--$ Event: I$/$O statement, the process is in $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_$ state $($Q$4).$

Before state transition, switch to $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_$ mode $($Q$5)$to handle scanf.

Q$6,$ in the multiprogramming environment, will the OS switch to execute another process? Yes $[]$ No $[]$

$--$ Event: I$/$O is done, I$/$O device sends an interrupt. Interrupt makes the current running process stops temporarily. CPU switches to interrupt handler and this process is put to $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_$ state$($Q$7).$ CPU continues to execute the original running process $($we are assuming non$-$preemptive scheduling is used$)$

$--$ Event: scheduled to run $$ This process runs. $($There is a context switch$)$

scanf $("\%$d $\%$d $\%$d $",$ &P$1,$ &P$2,$ &P$3)$;

scanf $("\%$d $\%$d $\%$d$",$ &m$1,$ &m$2,$ &m$3)$;

scanf $("\%$d $\%$d $\%$d $\%$d$",$ &h$1,$ &h$2,$ &h$3,$ &h$4)$;

$--$ Event: I$/$O statement, the process is in $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_$ state $($Q$8).$

$--$ Event: I$/$O completion, the process is in $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_$ state $($Q$9).$

$--$ Event: scheduled to run $$ running $($context switch$)$

Project$\_$total $=($P$1+$P$2+$P$3)$;

Homework$\_$total $=($h$1+$h$2+$h$3+$h$4)/4$;

Exam$\_$total $=$ exam$\_$grade$($m$1,$ m$2,$ m$3)$;

$--$ Event: procedure call, the process is in $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_$ state $($Q$10)$ and

the program is in $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_$ mode $($Q$11).$

total$1=($t$1+$t$2+$t$3)*0\mathrm{.}1+$Project$\_$total$*0\mathrm{.}50+$ Homework$\_$total$*0\mathrm{.}1+$ Exam$\_$total$*0\mathrm{.}3)$;

$--$ Event: interrupted due to time quantum expiration, the state of the process will be changed from $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_$state $($Q$12)$ to $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_$state $($Q$13),$ before the transition, the CPU will handle the timeout and switch to execute another process $($context switch$)$

$--$ Event: scheduled to run, the state of process will be changed from $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_$state $($Q$14)$ to $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_$state $($Q$15)($context switch$)$

total$2=$ scale$\_$the$\_$grade$($Project$\_$total, Homework$\_$total, m$1,$ m$2,$ m$3)$;

if $($total$1>$ total$2)$ total $=$ total$1$;

else total $=$ total$2$;

$--$ Event: I$/$O device interrupts to signal the completion of an I$/$O of a different process

$$ Switch to $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_$ mode $($Q$16)$ to run interrupt handler $($context switch$),$ the current process is in $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_$ state $($Q$17).$

$$ Switch back to run this process in $\_\_\_\_\_\_$ mode$($Q$18)$

if $($extra $=0)$ final $=$ total;

else final $=($float$)$ Bonus$($total$,$ extra$)$;

printf $("\%\mathrm{.}1$f $",$ final$)$;

scanf $("\%$c$",$ &ch$)$; printf $("$

$")$;

$\}$

fork $()$;

$--$ Event: system call

$$ Kernel trap, switch to kernel mode to handle fork $($context switch$)$

OS creates the child process, put it in $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_$ queue $($Q$19)$

$\}$

Fill the answers into the following table. Please utilize the following options for process states: 'ready,$\text{'}$ 'running,$\text{'}$ and 'waiting.$\text{'}$ When referring to mode, choose between 'user mode' and 'kernel mode.$\text{'}$ For events, consider using terms such as "interrupt," 'CPU scheduled,$\text{'}\text{'}$I$/$O request,$\text{'}\text{'}$I$/$O completion,$\text{'}$ 'system call,$\text{'}$ etc.

Q$1$ Q$2$ Q$3$ Q$4$ Q$5$ Q$6$ Q$7$ Q$8$ Q$9$ Q$10$

Q$11$ Q$12$ Q$13$ Q$14$ Q$15$ Q$16$ Q$17$ Q$18$ Q$19$