$(3$ points$)$ Labor content is increased by $10\%$ while takt time remains the same. What is the percentage change in target manpower?

a$.$ Increases by $10\%$

b$.$ Decreases by $10\%$

c$.$ No change

d$.$ Cannot be determined

$(3$ points$)$ For $40$ days in the summer, you are working in a small, student$-$run company that sends out merchandise with university branding to alumni around the world. Every day, you take a sample of $50$ shipments that are ready to be shipped to the alumni and inspect them for correctness. Across all days, the average percentage of incorrect shipments is $5$ percent. What would be the center line for a p$-$chart?

a$.40$

b$.50$

c$.0\mathrm{.}05$

d$.2\mathrm{.}5$

$(3$ points$)$ In the production of pizza, which of the following four variables is not an input variable?

a$.$ The amount of dough prepared for the pizza

b$.$ The temperature of the oven

c$.$ The type of cheese on the pizza

d$.$ The time that the customer leaves the pizza in the fridge

$(3$ points$)$ What does X$-$bar stand for?

a$.$ The average of a sample

b$.$ The unknown standard deviation in a process that we have to solve for

c$.$ A shady bar in West Philadelphia

d$.$ The maximum observed value in a sample

$(3$ points$)$ In a process for which we have to use discrete probabilities to describe whether an activity was carried out correctly or not, which of the following statements determines the defect probability of the entire process?

a$.$ The product of the individual defect probabilities

b$.$ The highest value of the individual defect probabilities

c$.$ The smallest value of the individual defect probabilities

d$.$ This really depends on the process, because it is possible that one process is more robust than the other

True or False $($Question $11$ Question $18)$

$16.($T $/$ F$)$ Two retailers compete on costs and the ambience of their retail stores. They are identical in all other dimensions of customer utility. Retailer A is cheaper than retailer B$.$ retailer A also has the better ambience. Does this mean that retailer A is on the efficient frontier? True or false?

$17.($T $/$ F$)$ Process utilization is the ratio between process capacity and flow time.

$18.($T $/$ F$)$ Understanding customer utility drivers is a goal of operations management.

$19.($T $/$ F$)$ A bottleneck resource can have a less than $100\%$ utilization if the process is demand constrained.

$20.($T $/$ F$)$ You measure the exact size of $100$ ping pong balls from manufacturer A and then another $100$ balls from manufacturer B$.$ The balls of manufacturer B have a much larger variation. Means and specification limits for the two manufacturers are identical. Manufacturer A has a higher process capability index.

$21.($T $/$ F$)$ If a process has a six$-$sigma capability, The process capability index is $6.$

$22.($T $/$ F$)$ The Pareto diagram shows the possible root causes of a problem along with the number of defect occurrences

$23.($T $/$ F$)$ In a p$-$chart, the upper control limit is $6$ estimated standard deviations above the average p $-$bar.

Essay

$24.(5$ points$)$ Three restaurants are compared along the dimensions of responsiveness and cost performance, as shown halnw.

A$.$

Make your conclusion