31. When indicating cardinality, the first value represents the ____________ number of associated entities.

32. A primary key is a(n) ____________ key chosen to be the primary means by which rows of a table are uniquely identified.

33. The ___________________ catalog can be described as a detailed system data dictionary that describes all objects within the database, including data about table names, the tables creator and creation date, the number of columns in each table, the data type corresponding to each column, index filenames, index creators, authorized users, and access privileges.

34. In a relational model, ______________ are used to establish relationships among tables and to ensure the integrity of the data.