38. Question 38

Because defamation involves a communication, the protection of which Amendment to the Constitutionapplies?

	1.	Fifth
	2.	Fourteenth
	3.	First
	4.	Fourth

40. Promissory estoppel is a doctrine that includes which of the following?

	1.	Under this doctrine,the promisorreasonably expects that the promisee, in reliance on the promise, will be induced by the promise to take action or refrain from taking action and the promisseedoes so.
	2.	The courts cannot use this doctrine to enforce promises.
	3.	The courts use this doctrine to enforce contracts.
	4.	The courts will not under any circumstances enforce promises that do not include all four elements of the contract.