$4.(15$points$)$ Fill out following blanks with appropriate English words.

$(1)$ The $($a$.$

sets its argument as the seed for a new sequence of $($pseudo$-)$random integers to be returned by rand $().$

$(2)$ C provides $($b$.$

mechanism where the value of argument variable is copied to parameter variable and the value of argument variable is not affected during the processing of the function.

$(3)($c$.$

is a function that calls itself within the program text.

$(4)($d$.$

are accessible from anywhere in the program.

$($e$.$

$,$ on the other hand, are created during function calls for temporary use and are accessible only within the functions that create them.