41. _____ is a cognitive process that enables us to interpret and understand our surroundings. A. The self-fulfilling prophecy B. A salient stimulus C. The fundamental attribution error D. Stereotypes E. Perception 42. _____ is necessary because people do not have the mental capacity to fully comprehend all the physical and social stimuli bombarding them from the environment. A. A salient stimulus B. Conscious retrieval C. Selective attention D. Environmental attention E. Semantic memory 43. _____ is the process of becoming consciously aware of something or someone. A. Attention B. Schema C. Encoding D. Retrieval E. Retention 44. _____ involves interpreting and translating raw information into mental representations or categories. A. Storage and retention B. Retrieval and response C. Selective attention and comprehension D. Encoding and simplification E. Decoding and interpretation 45. At what stage of the information-processing model do you notice another student tapping her pencil on the desk during an exam? A. Selective Attention/Comprehension B. Encoding and Simplification C. Storage and Retention D. Retrieval and Response E. Perception 46. Which of the following is NOT a step in the stereotyping process? A. Attending to our environment B. Categorizing people according to criteria C. Inferring that all people within a particular category possess the same traits D. Forming expectations of others based on our stereotypes E. Maintaining our stereotypes 47. A stereotype is an individual's set of ____. A. beliefs about the characteristics of a group B. beliefs about another individual C. inaccurate assumptions about a group D. positive expectations about another individual E. negative expectations about the qualities of a group 48. Social scientists believe the best way to reduce stereotypes in an organization is to ____. A. stress a team orientation in the workplace B. screen job applicants and hire those with fewer stereotypes C. increase the number of affirmative action hires D. have the CEO of the organization issue a memo stressing the need to reduce stereotyping E. increase the amount of high-quality mixed-group contact 49. According to the _____ people's expectations or beliefs determine their behavior and performance, thus serving to make their expectations come true. A. fundamental attribution bias B. leniency perceptual error C. self-serving bias D. halo perceptual error E. Galatea effect 50. The _____ reflects a loss in performance resulting from low leader expectations. A. leniency perceptual error B. halo perceptual error C. Golem effect D. fundamental attribution bias E. self-serving bias

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