4.14. Often, in chemical processing plants, there will be more than one type of instru- mentation measuring the same variable at the same instance during the process. Owing to the nature of measurements, they are almost never exact, and hence can be represented as a fuzzy set. Owing to the differences in instrumentation, the mea- surements will usually not be the same. Take, for example, two types of temperature sensors, namely, a thermocouple (TC) and a resistance temperature detector (RTD) measuring the same stream temperature. The membership function of the two types of temperature sensors may look as in Figure P4.14. RDT TC u= 1.0 = 1.0 HAFA 0.5 0.5 - 77 78 79 80 T(C) 78 79 80 81 82 T (C) FIGURE P4.14 When an operator who prefers one measuring device ends his or her shift, and then is replaced by another operator with a different preference in measuring device, there may be a problem in determining the actual value of a variable. To avoid this problem, it was decided to plot the membership functions of the two types of sensors, take their union, and employ defuzzification to select one temperature for the operator to use. To find this temperature, for each of the seven methods presented in this chapter, assess (a) whether each is applicable and, if so, (b) calculate the defuzzified value, z