4. Even though ice cream sales and crime are correlated, we cannot claim that ice cream causes crime because a. crime probably causes ice cream sales to increase. b. summer heat is the likely cause of increases in both ice cream sales and crime. c. crime cannot be operationally defined. d. All of the above se 5. Researchers (Damisch, Stoberock, & Mussweiler, 2010) manipulated what people were told about a golf ball before they were asked to sink as many putts out of 10 as possible. Half were told that the ball was lucky and the other half were simply told that this was the ball they had been using all day. The researchers measured the number of putts the participants were able to sink. In this study, the independent variable was variable was a. the people who were told the ball was lucky; the people who were told this was the ball they had used all day b. number of putts; what people were told c. the people who were told this was the ball they had used all day; the people who were told the ball was lucky d. what people were told; number of putts and the dependent