4.9 Referring to the contingency table in Problem 4.8, if a large online retailer is selected at random, what is the probability that NEED THREE OR MORE CLICKS TO BE REMOVED YEAR Yes No 2009 39 61 2008 7 93 Source: Data extracted from More Clicks to Escape an Email List, The New York Times, March 29, 2010, p. B2. a. you needed three or more clicks to be removed from an email list? b. you needed three or more clicks to be removed from an email list in 2009? c. you needed three or more clicks to be removed from an email list or were a large online retailer surveyed in 2009? d. Explain the difference in the results in (b) and (c). 4.15 Each year, ratings are compiled concerning the performance of new cars during the first 90 days of use. Suppose that the cars have been categorized according to whether a car needs warranty-related repair (yes or no) and the country in which the company manufacturing a car is based (United States or not United States). Based on the data collected, the probability that the new car needs a warranty repair is 0.04, the probability that the car was manufactured by a U.S.-based company is 0.60, and the probability that the new car needs a warranty repair and was manufactured by a U.S.-based company is 0.025. Construct a contingency table to evaluate the probabilities of a warranty-related repair. What is the probability that a new car selected at random a. needs a warranty repair? b. needs a warranty repair and was manufactured by a U.S.- based company? c. needs a warranty repair or was manufactured by a U.S.- based company? d. needs a warranty repair or was not manufactured by a U.S.-based company? 4.19 If P(A) = 0.7, P(B) = 0.6, and A and B are independent, find P(A and B). 4.23 What is the preferred way for people to order fast food? A survey was conducted in 2009, but the sample sizes were not reported. Suppose the results, based on a sample of 100 males and 100 females, were as follows: GENDER DINING PREFERENCE Male Female Total Dine inside 21 12 33 Order inside to go 19 10 29 Order at the drive-through 60 78 138 Total 100 100 200 Source: Data extracted from www.qsrmagazine.com/reports/drivethru_ time_study/2009/2009_charts/whats_your_preferred_way_to _order_fast_food.html. a. Given that a respondent is a male, what is the probability that he prefers to order at the drive-through? b. Given that a respondent is a female, what is the probability that she prefers to order at the drive-through? c. Is dining preference independent of gender? Explain. 4.44 In Major League Baseball, there are five teams in the Eastern Division of the National League: Atlanta, Florida, New York, Philadelphia, and Washington. How many different orders of finish are there for these five teams? (Assume that there are no ties in the standings.) Do you believe that all these orders are equally likely? Discuss. 4.45 Referring to Problem 4.44, how many different orders of finish are possible for the first four positions? 4.48 Four members of a group of 10 people are to be selected to a team. How many ways are there to select these four members