$5\mathrm{.}2)$ Fill$-$in$-$the$-$Blank Questions: $[3$ marks$]$

$5\mathrm{.}2\mathrm{.}1)$ Concurrent access to shared data may result in

$5\mathrm{.}2\mathrm{.}2)$ The

instruction is a special hardware instruction that allows us to check and

modify the content of a memory word atomically.

$5\mathrm{.}2\mathrm{.}3)$

booleans.

$5\mathrm{.}2\mathrm{.}4)$

is the simplest synchronization tol that protects a critical section by

acquiring and releasing a lock.

$5\mathrm{.}2\mathrm{.}5)$ A

provide atomic operations on basic data types such as integers and

is an integer variable that can only be accessed via two indivisible

operations: wait$()$ and signal$().$

$5\mathrm{.}2\mathrm{.}6)$

is a scheduling problem where a lower$-$priority process holds a resource

needed by a higher$-$priority process, causing potential delays.