6. A(n) also known as a data structure, is a meaningful combination of related data elements that is included in a data flow or retained in a data store. a field b. record c. logical structure d domain 7. Modular design is based on combinations of three logical structures, which are called sequence, selection, and a. iteration b. length c. type d. alias 8. A process that continues to print payroll checks until it reaches the end of the payroll file is an example of a. balancing blooping c.leveling d sequencing 9. In data and process modeling, an) of how it will be implemented physically. _model shows what the system must do, regardless a operational b. logical c. physical d relational 10. A DFD shows a. how data are related b. what key fields are stored in the system c. how a system transforms input data into useful information d what data is stored in the system 2 Page 11. In a DID, the Gane and Sarson symbol for a process is a a rectangle with rounded corners b. line with a single or double arrowhead c. flat rectangle that is open on the right side and closed on the left side d rectangle, which may be shaded to make it look three-dimensional 12. In a DFD), the Gane and Sarson symbol for a data flow is a 1. rectangle with rounded corners b. line with a single or double arrowhead c. flat rectangle that is open on the right side and closed on the left side d rectangle, which may be shaded to make it look three-dimensional 13. A spontaneous generation process is a process that has a. no input b. at least one output and one input, but the output obviously is insufficient to generate the input shown c. no output d at least one input and one output, but the input obviously is insufficient to generate the output shown 14. A black hole is a process that has a. no input be at least one output and one input, but the output obviously is insufficient to generate the input shown c. no output d at least one input and one output, but the input obviously is insufficient to generate the output shown 15. A gray hole is a process that has a. no input be at least one output and one input, but the output obviously is insufficient to generate the input shown c. no output d at least one input and one output, but the input obviously is insufficient to generate the output shown 16. _is/are logically impossible in a DFD because a process must act on input, shown by an incoming data flow, and produce output, represented by an outgoing data flow. a. Spontaneous combustion b. Black holes c. Gray matter d Black boxes 17. In a DFD, the Gane and Sarson symbol for a data store is a a rectangle with rounded corners b. line with a single or double arrowhead c. flat rectangle that is open on the right side and closed on the left side d rectangle, which may be shaded to make it look three-dimensional 18. In a DFD, the Gane and Sarson symbol for an entity is a a. rectangle with rounded corners b. line with a single or double arrowhead c. flat rectangle that is open on the right side and closed on the left side d rectangle, which may be shaded to make it look three-dimensional 19. if processes must be performed in a specific sequence, you document the information in the a. leveling guide b. data dictionary c. process descriptions DED 20. Because diagram is an a context diagram _version of process 0, it shows considerably more detail than a. contracted b. extrapolated c. condensed d exploded 21. Leveling a. uses a series of increasingly detailed DFDs to describe an information system b. ensures that the input and output data flows of the parent DFD are maintained on the child DFD c. uses a series of increasingly sketchy DFDs to describe an information system d ensures that the input and output data flows of the child DFD are maintained on the parent DFD 22. _maintains consistency among DFDs by ensuring that input and output data flows align properly. a. Exploding b. Indexing C. Leveling d. Balancing