7. _________ involved in helping users determine what outputs they need and constructing the plans required to produce these outputs. a. CIO b. System programmer c. Application Programmer d. System analyst

8. Upstream management often includes ______. a. raw materials b. outbound logistics c. finished product storage d. customer service 9. ________ involves contracting with outside professional services to meet specific business needs. Often, companies outsource a specific business process: a. Downsizing b. Project based c. On-demand d. Outsourcing 10. A change model represents change theories by identifying the phases of change. Which of phase below NOT a phase in change model? a. changing b. moving c. unfreezing d. refreezing

11. Below is a name of computer storage unit EXCEPT: a. Terabyte b. Megabyte c. Byte d. Kilobite

12. This memory is nonvolatile and provides permanent storage for data and instructions that do not change. a. DRIM b. RAM c. ROM d. RIM

13. ______ involves using a giant cluster of computers that serves as a host to run applications that require high-performance computing. a. Cloud computing b. Grid computing c. Parallel computing d. Ambiguous computing