7. Tall structures versus flat structures typically have:

a Fewer management layers

b More management layers

c More employees

d Fewer employees

8. Rules of thumb or heuristics in decision making can lead to biases. Which heuristic reflects the tendency to predict the likelihood of an event occurring from the extent to which the event is typical of similar kinds of events?

a Availability heuristic

b Anchoring & adjustment heuristic

c Representativeness heuristic

d Escalation of commitment

9. Organizational change is the movement of an organization away from its present state and toward some future state to increase effectiveness. What forces usually support not cause a change in an organization?

a Power & conflict struggles

b Group norms and cohesiveness

c Competitive, political or economic

d Group think