$8.$ Two opposing views on comments in programs could be stated as follows: $($a$)$ A program should always contain elaborate comments to make it readable and maintainable. $($b$)$ A program should be as much as possible self$-$documenting, with comments added sparingly only where the code itself might be unclear. Discuss these two views from the of view of language design. What design features might aid one view but not the other? What might aid both? $9.$ Languages such as Lisp and Python are dynamically typed, whereas languages such as C$++$ and Java are statis XK$14$ tically typed. Discuss the costs and benefits of each kind of typing. $10.$ Provide examples of one feature $($ in a language of your choice$)$ that promotes and one that violates each of these design principles; Efficiency Extensibility $.$