8.5 [M] The memory of a computer is byte-addressable, and the word length is 32 bits. A

program consists of two nested loopsa small inner loop and a much larger outer loop.

The general structure of the program is given in Figure P8.1. The decimal memory addresses

shown delineate the location of the two loops and the beginning and end of the total program.

All memory locations in the various sections of the program, 8-52, 56-136, 140-240, and

so on, contain instructions to be executed in straight-line sequencing. The program is to

be run on a computer that has an instruction cache organized in the direct-mapped manner

(see Figure 8.16) with the following parameters:

Cache size 1K bytes

Block size 128 bytes

The miss penalty in the instruction cache is 80 , where is the access time of the cache.

Compute the total time needed for instruction fetching during execution of the program in

Figure P8.1.

START 56 140 Inner loop Outer loop executed S executed 20 times 10 times 240 1200 1504 END Figure P8.1 A program structure for Problem 8.5