Question: 9 . The Gibbs - Duhem equation relates changes in the chemical potentials of components, ensuring that the _ _ _ _ _ condition of

9. The Gibbs-Duhem equation relates changes in the chemical potentials of components, ensuring that the _____ condition of a system is maintained.
10._____ is the excess Gibbs energy per mole of mixture arising from non-ideal mixing.
11. The Margules equation provides a relationship between activity coefficients and composition for _____ mixtures.
12. The Van Laar equation is another model used to estimate activity coefficients, focusing on _____ binary systems.

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