9.12. For any positive integer k, we can ask about any method whether it always gives apportionment numbers that are within k units of the standard quota. When k = 1, this is what we call the quota rule. In general, we call this the within-k-of-quota rule.

(a) Does the Jefffferson method satisfy the within-5-of-quota rule?

(b) Does the Webster method satisfy the within-5-of-quota rule?

(c) Show that any neutral and proportional method that satisfifies the within-2-of-quota rule must violate population monotonicity.