9.2.7 Th is question explores a data set considered in

Chapter 6 using an independent-samples t-test to make your

conclusion. (We will compare those results with the results

using ANOVA.) Do heart rates of men and women diff er? To

answer this question, we will look at a data set in an article

by Allen L. Shoemaker of Calvin College found in the Jour-

nal of Statistics Education, vol. 4, no. 2 (1996). Use the data

set HeartRates to answer the question "Do heart rates, on

average, diff er between males and females?"

a. Give the null and alternative hypotheses for this study.

b. Use a theory-based approach to compare two indepen-

dent samples using the t-statistic on these data and give

your t-statistic value and p-value and state your complete

conclusion along with reasoning.

c. Complete an ANOVA test on these data and give the

values of your F-statistic value and p-value.

d. Compare your conclusions in parts (b) and (c).

e. What additional validity condition needs to be met

to conduct an ANOVA test that is not needed for an

independent-samples (theory-based) t-test?