A 0.5 inch hole develops in a pipeline containing toluene. The pressure in the pipeline at the point of the leak is 80 psig. Determine the leakage rate (in lb/sec). The specific gravity of toluene is 0.866, and consider the hole to be a "sharp-edged orifice."

 

Question 2

 

A 200 foot long horizontal pipeline transporting benzene develops a leak 57 feet from the high-pressure end. The diameter of the leak is estimated to be 0.25 inch. At the time, the upstream pressure in the pipeline is 80 psig and the downstream pressure is 50 psig. Estimate the mass flow rate (in lb/sec) of benzene through the leak. The specific gravity of benzene is 0.8794, and consider the hole to be a "sharp-edged orifice."

 

Question 3

 

The TLV-TWA for hydrogen sulfide gas is 10 ppm. Hydrogen sulfide gas is stored in a tank at 100 psig and 80 °F. Estimate the diameter of a hole in the tank leading to a local hydrogen sulfide concentration equal to the TLV. The local ventilation rate is 2000 ft³/min and is deemed average. The ambient pressure is 1 atm.

 

Question 4

 

Calculate the mass flux (kg/m²-s) for the following tank leaks given that the storage pressure is equal to the vapor pressure at 25°C:

 

Toxic material	Pressure (Pa)	Heat of Vaporization (J/kg)	vfg (m3/kg)	Heat Capacity (J/kg-K)
Propane	0.95 x 106	3.33 x 105	0.048	2.23 x 103
Ammonia	1 x 106	1.17 x 106	0.127	4.49 x 103
Methyl chloride	0.56 x 106	3.75 x 105	0.077	1.5 x 103
Sulfur dioxide	0.39 x 106	3.56 x 105	0.09	1.36 x 103

 

Question 5

 

A 3-cm (internal diameter) pipe has broken off of a 1-ton tank of nitrogen. Estimate the maximum mass flow rate (in kg/s) of the gas if the initial pressure in the tank is 800 kPa gauge. The temperature is 25 °C, and the ambient pressure is 1 atm.