Question: A 4 m high smooth vertical retaining wall has a horizontal backfill with water behind to a level 2 m below the top of

A 4 m high smooth vertical retaining wall has a horizontal backfill with water behind to a level 2 m below the top of the wall. Considering the passive condition, what is the horizontal effective stress at the top of the water table and the bottom of the wall if the soil properties are: y = 15 kN/m3 above the water table; y = 18 kN/m3 below the water table; c=0 kN/m2; friction angle = 29.

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