Question: (a) A 3000 km long, 4 Mbps CSMA/CA Wireless network has a propagation speed of 3.0x10 m/s. Repeaters are not allowed in this system.

(a) A 3000 km long, 4 Mbps CSMA/CA Wireless network has a propagation speed of 3.0x10 m/s. Repeaters are not allowed in this system. Audio data frames are 500 bytes long, including 32 bits of header, checksum, and other overhead. The first bit slot after a successful transmission is reserved for the receiver to capture the channel in order to send a 50 bytes acknowledgement frame. [Sebuah 4 Mbps rangkaian tanpa wayar CSMA/CA sepanjang 3000 km mempunyai kelajuan 3.0x10m/s. Pengulang tidak dibenarkan dalam sistem ini. Panjang data audio adalah 500 bait, termasuk 32 bit header, checksum, dan lain-lain overhead. Slot bit pertama selepas data berjaya dihantar adalah di peruntukkan untuk menghantar paket perakuan sepanjang 50 bait.] (i) Give expression to calculate the end-to-end delay in datagram switch and explain the delay components. [Berikan ungkapan untuk mengira kelewatan hujung-ke-hujung suis datagram dan terangkan komponen-komponen kelewatan tersebut] (ii) Calculate the end-to-end delay experienced by the packet. [Kirakan kelengahan hujung-ke-hujung yang dialami oleh paket.] (4 Marks/ Markah) (6 Marks/ Markah) (iii) In a real network, suppose that the answer in ii) is T seconds and you transferred the same size files numerous times. You find that the actual time to transfer always takes longer than T seconds. Analyse and give a plausible explanation for this. [Dalam rangkaian sebenar, katakana bahawa jawapan dalam ii) adalah T saat dan anda menghantar fail yang sama beberapa kali. Anda dapati bahawa masa yang di ambil untuk menghantar data tersebut sentiasa lebih lama daripada T saat. Beri penjelasan yang munasabah untuk situasi ini.] (4 Marks/ Markah)
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