a$.$ A software engineer developed software for movie tickets booking system that contains a web$-$based front$-$end, a payment system, and a back end for storing user data. This engineer has written many tests for each individual component. However, the application fails when all the components are brought together. Which testing is missing in this case?

b$.$ A new manager of an Android application development team has decided to apply a different software development process. They will first gather requirements from customers, then design and implement the application followed by testing. Which development process is this?

c$.$ For each function written, they have also written test cases to ensure each individual function works as intended. Which type of testing is this?

d$.$ In a Software Development Company, a development manager asks one of his team members to predict how long it will take to localize and fix a

defect in recently developed software. What is the name of this activity?

e$.$ A product manager in a software development company decided that the new defect report must be addressed immediately, as the business cost of not fixing the defects would be high. What is the name of this activity?