A basic assumption on which the expectancy theory is based is that a. people make choices based on the extent to which a gven behavior will lead to undesired outcomes O b. people are motivated to seek social equity in the rewards they achieve for performance O c people do not make decisions about their own behaviors in organizations Od behavior is determined by a combination of forces in the individual and in the environment O e different people have the same type of needs, desires, and goals When are individual incentive pay plans most effective? O a. When quality is more important than quantity ob. When performance can be subjectively assessed OcWhen tied to year-end profitability od When sophisticated methodologies are required O e. When rewards occur on a real-time basis