a$.$ Caleb has created a prototype garlic$-$peeling device and plans to sell it to the public. To raise funds for his startup, he issues securities that promise buyers a fixed interest payment each year, along with the return of the principal amount after five years. What type of financial asset is Caleb using?

b$.$ Audrey wants to purchase a new car but lacks the necessary funds. She obtains financing from her local bank under the condition that she will make monthly payments over the next three years, which includes repaying the original amount plus $6\%$ interest. What type of financial transaction is Audrey engaging in$?$

c$.$ Lyle and Shane launch a business selling pencil sharpeners to elementary schools. After their company becomes successful, they decide to allow people to buy small ownership stakes in the business. These buyers gain voting rights in company decisions and a share of the profits. What type of financial asset are Lyle and Shane offering?

d$.$ Rand Capital, a financial industry firm, gathers several hundred home mortgages and bundles them into an investment product, selling shares of this package to investors. However, some investors are hesitant due to the risks associated with assessing a large number of individual mortgages. What type of financial asset is Rand Capital dealing with?

e$.$ Jack decides to build a ski resort in the mountains of Colorado. He presents his business plan to a commercial bank and secures funding, agreeing to repay the loan over the next $20$ years with interest. What type of financial asset is Jack using?