A. Carbocations, particularly when lacking suitable (secondary and
tertiary) hydrogens next to the positively charged carbon, can undergo
another mode of rearrangement, known as alkyl group _(blank)_ or alkyl
shift.
B. Cyclic ethers are members of a class of cycloalkanes in which one
or more carbons have been replaced by a heteroatomin this case,
_(blank)_.
C. Alkyloxonium ions derived from secondary and tertiary alcohols, in
contrast with their primary counterparts, lose water with increasing
ease to give the corresponding _(blank)_, which enter into the
expected SN1 and E1 processes.
D. The opium poppy is the source of _(blank)_, the active ingredient in opium.
E. Reaction of alcohols with carboxylic acids converts them to organic
_(blank)_, also called carboxylates or alkanoates.
F. The _(blank)_ analogs of alcohols and ethers are thiols and thioethers.
G. They (alcohols) also react with inorganic halides, such as PBr3,
SOCl2, and RSO2Cl, by loss of HX to produce _(blank)_ esters.
H._(blank)_ can be prepared by treatment of alcohols with acid through
SN2 and SN1 pathways, with alkyloxonium ions or carbocations as
intermediates, and by alcoholysis of secondary or tertiary haloalkanes
or alkyl sulfonates.
I. The IUPAC system for naming _(blank)_ treats them as alkanes that
bear an alkoxy substituentthat is, as alkoxyalkanes.
J.Alcohols react with carboxylic acids by loss of water to furnish
_(blank)_ esters.