A cast$-$iron machine part is acted upon by the $3$ kN $.$m couple shown.

Knowing the $\backslash ($ E$=165\backslash$mathrm$\{$GPa$\}\backslash )$ and neglecting the effect of fillets, determine:

$1.$ the maximum tensile and compressive stresses in the casting,

$2.$ the radius of curvature of the casting.