A civil engineering project involves designing a bridge across a river. The bridge is planned to span $100$ meters with a width of $10$ meters. Assume the following details:

$-$ The bridge will support vehicular traffic with a design load of $10$ tons per axle.

$-$ The soil at the bridge site has a bearing capacity of $200$ kPa.

$-$ The water level in the river varies seasonally, with a maximum flood level of $5$ meters above the riverbed.

$-$ Local regulations require the bridge to have a minimum vertical clearance of $5$ meters above the highest flood level.

$-$ The construction budget is constrained to $$1,000,000.$

Tasks:

$1.$ Calculate the minimum required strength of the bridge deck and supports to safely carry the design load.

$2.$ Design the foundation of the bridge considering the soil bearing capacity and the maximum flood level.

$3.$ Evaluate the feasibility of using precast concrete segments for constructing the bridge deck.

$4.$ Discuss environmental considerations in bridge construction, particularly regarding river flow and flood impacts.

$5.$ Propose cost$-$effective measures to enhance the bridge's resilience against flood events and ensure long$-$term durability.

What is meant by cache memory?