A computer system allows a user to choose a password with a length of one to eight characters. A system administrator needs to figure out how long a users password should expire.

Assume that 1 million passwords can be tested per second by a hacker. The hacker can guess a users password 24 hours a day and 7 days a week. A password should be expired if it has an equal or greater than 10% probability of having been guessed. Given each of the following condition, determine the time (in measurement of days) users passwords should be expired.

Probability of having been guessed = total number of guess/total possible combinations.

You may use Excels Power function to calculate mn. Make sure that you show your steps for partial credit.

Please calculate how long a password should be expired (round it to days) for each of the following password selection scenarios.

1) Scenario 1. Password characters may be any ASCII characters from 1 to 127,inclusive.

2) Scenario 2. Password characters may be any alphanumeric characters (A through Z, a through z, and 0 through 9).

3) Scenario 3. Password characters can only be digits.