$($a$)$ Convert ${39}_{10}$ to $2\text{'}$s complement binary.

$($b$)$ Convert $-{40}_{10}$ to $2\text{'}$s complement binary.

$($c$)$ Let $A={1001101}_2.$ What decimal value does A represent if $A$ is unsigned?

$($d$)$ Let $A={1001101}_2.$ What decimal value does A represent if $A$ is a $1\text{'}$s complement number?

$($e$)$ Let $A={10011101}_2.$ What decimal value does A represent if A is a $2\text{'}$s complement number?