A CVP graph such as the one shown below is a useful technique for showing relationships among an organizations costs, volume, and profits.

A CVP graph plots 1 on vertical axis and 2 on horizontal axis shows two diagonal lines labeled 3 and 9. The lines intersects at point 6. A line parallel to the horizontal axis at a height of 5. The gap between 3 and 9 below 6 is 7 and above 6 is 8. The gap between horizontal line and 3 is 4.

Required:

1. State the effect of each of the following actions on line 3, line 9, and the break-even point.

a. The unit selling price is increased from $18 to $20.

b. Unit variable expenses are decreased from $12 to $10.

c. Fixed expenses are increased by $3,000 per period.

d. Two thousand more units are sold during the period than were budgeted.

e. Due to paying salespersons a commission rather than a flat salary, fixed expenses are reduced by $8,000 per period and unit variable expenses are increased by $3.

f. Due to an increase in the cost of materials, both unit variable expenses and the selling price are increased by $2.

g. Advertising costs are increased by $10,000 per period, resulting in a 10% increase in the number of units sold.

h. Due to automating an operation previously done by workers, fixed expenses are increased by $12,000 per period and unit variable expenses are reduced by $4.