A date $($e$.$g$.,$ January $1$st$,2011)$ marks a point in time in which an event occurs. Dates are important to humans because they mark events that are important to us$.$ Computer systems often use dates for various purposes. For example, moodle has to keep track of dates in which programming assignments are due and the dates in which students have submitted their assignments. Banking systems of course have to keep track of the dates and times in which banking transactions occur. Therefore, a date is an important concept for computer systems. In this assignment, we develop a Date class that allows us to manipulate dates and extract useful information.

Dates come in different varieties depending on which calendar system they come from. There are many different calendar systems used in the world today. Some are Solar $($depend in their calculations on the motion of the Earth around the Sun$)$ and some are Lunar $($depend on the motion of the Moon around the Earth$).$ They also may have different starting dates: the Julian calendar started some $2023$ solar years ago while the Hijri calendar started $1445$ lunar years ago. The different calendars have different names assigned to each month, and some calendars have$-$more or less than $12$ months. For the purpose of this assignment, we will only deal with a single calendar system which is the Georgian calendar $($also called the Western calendar$).$

$2.$ Description of Date class

As you know, a date is composed of three parts:

a year number $($e$.$g$.,1999$ or $2011),$

a month number $($e$.$g$.,1$ is for January and $12$ is for December$),$ and

a day number $($e$.$g$.,1$ is the first day of the month and $31$ is the last day of certain months$).$

The Date cla$$s would therefore have three private fields: day, mo$$th$$ndyearcthat will be used to hold the three numbers