a$.$ Define process design and process development

b$.$ List at least four $(4)$ factors which should be considered when choosing the best solution amongst the probable design configurations

$4$

c$.$ Carefully read the passage below and answer the questions that follow

To achieve the emission mitigation and decarbonization goals, future aviation requires alternative sustainable fuels. Synthetic paraffinic kerosene, generated by FischerTropsch synthesis, is certified as a drop$-$in jet fuel up to $50\%.$ Potential fuel production routes are via conversion of biomass $($Biomass$-$to Liquid, BtL$),$ the combination of renewable power and biomass $($Power$-$and$-$Biomass$-$to$-$Liquid, PBtL$)$ and the conversion of carbon dioxide with hydrogen from renewable power $($Power$-$to$-$Liquid, $PtL.$ In order to compare the three different production routes, an Aspen Plus model is designed for each production path and techno$-$economically assessed for an assumed capacity of $11M\frac{g}{h}$ fuel production. Even though the BtL route allows the lowest net production costs, it has some drawbacks compared to PBtL and PtL$.$ Especially the low $H$ to $C$ ratio of biomass leads to limited fuel yields in the BtL process.

a$.$ Briefly explain why every design is said to start with a perceived need

b$.$ Identify and write down the objective $($need$)$ for this design work

$2$

$3$

d$.$ Discuss the restrictions that can be imposed by utilizing a mini plant when testing the entire process including recycling paths with a view of exirapolating with a high degree of reliability