A direct continuous time study is conducted of a worker$-$machine cycle where a full cycle is completed before the next cycle is started. One part is produced each cycle. The cycle consists of five activities: a$,$ b$,$ c$,$ d$,$ and e$.$ Activities a$,$ c$,$ d$,$ and e are manual elements and external to machine activity b$.$ Every $8$ cycles the worker must replace the parts container, which was observed to take $2\mathrm{.}0$ min during the time study. All worker elements wereperformance rated at $95\%.$ The PFD allowance is $17\%,$ and the machine allowance $=10\%.$