a$.$ Distinguish between the following concepts in programming:

i$.$ While Loop and Do$-$While Loop $(2$ marks$)$

ii$.$ User$-$defined Function and Pre$-$defined Function $(2$ marks$)$

iii. Machine Language and Assembly Language $(2$ marks$)$

b$.$ What is the expected output of the $C++$ code snippet below? Show your working. $(3$c$.$ Rewrite the code in question $($b$)$ in Python. $(3$ marks$)$d$.$ Using code snippets, demonstrate the difference between the global and local scope of variables. $(4$ marks$)$e$.$ Arrays are data structures used to store elements of the same data type.