a$)$ Draw a typical M$-$N interaction diagram for an RC column and indicate the significant points on the

diagram.

b$)$ The full area under M$-$N interaction diagram cannot be used due to restrictions set by the RC codes.

Draw$/$show the restricted areas$/$regions not usable under interaction diagram.

c$)|$ Define the internal actions contributing to the concrete shear strength $($Vcr$)$ of an RC beam member. Use

a figure to show the contributing actions.